Neuropsicología de la empatía

Sara Raquel Romero Godoy

doi:10.14198/DCN.2015.2.1.02

Autores/as

Sara Raquel Romero Godoy Máster en Neuropsicología Clínica. ATEN-D, España

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14198/DCN.2015.2.1.02

Palabras clave:

Empatía, Emociones, Neuropsicología, Función Ejecutiva, Neuronas Espejo

Resumen

La empatía ha sido ampliamente estudiada por numerosas disciplinas a lo largo de la historia, pero a pesar de ello en la actualidad no hay una base clara y unificada de lo que es la empatía y las bases neuronales de la misma. Objetivo: Unificar los diferentes conceptos de empatía y revisar las distintas bases neuronales descubiertas hasta la actualidad con la finalidad de poder recopilar, esclarecer y sintetizar todos los descubrimientos. Con ello se pretende alcanzar una visión clara y concisa de lo que es la empatía y que mecanismos anatomofisiológicos son los encargados de la misma. Desarrollo: La visión actual de la empatía es multidimensional, estando integrada por un componente afectivo, las neuronas espejo principalmente, y por un componente cognitivo, que es la Teoría de la Mente. Conclusión: El componente afectivo está constituido por una cadena de neuronas espejo que es el componente esencial y en el que participa la imitación, la comprensión y el lenguaje. El componente cognitivo está ligado a la corteza prefrontal principalmente y a la encrucijada temporo-parietal (en adelante ETP).

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