Análisis de correlación entre medidas volumétricas y funciones ejecutivas en esclerosis múltiple

Laura De Torres; Ignacio Casanova; Carlos López de Silanes

doi:10.14198/DCN.2020.7.1.04

Autores/as

Laura De Torres Hospital Universitario de Torrejón, Departamento de Neurología, Madrid, España https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1670-008X
Ignacio Casanova Hospital Universitario de Torrejón, Departamento de Neurología, Madrid, España https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5904-9904
Carlos López de Silanes Hospital Universitario de Torrejón, Departamento de Neurología, Madrid, España https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4523-3110

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14198/DCN.2020.7.1.04

Palabras clave:

Volumen Cerebral Global, Tálamo, Funciones Ejecutivas, Esclerosis Múltiple, Cognición

Resumen

La esclerosis múltiple (EM) es una enfermedad crónica y neurodegenerativa del Sistema Nervioso Central con clara prevalencia de alteraciones cognitivas, especialmente atención, memoria y funciones ejecutivas. Los estudios de volumetría han mostrado la estrecha relación entre el volumen cerebral y el rendimiento cognitivo, sin embargo, son pocos los trabajos que han analizado las funciones ejecutivas en profundidad. Por ello, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue esclarecer la relación entre estas variables, a través de medidas de volumen global y regional (volumen bitalámico), con un amplio protocolo de funciones ejecutivas. Para ello 40 personas con EM participaron en este estudio transversal. Los resultados obtenidos mediante correlaciones bivariadas muestran relación moderada y positiva entre el volumen global y el rendimiento cognitivo en la memoria de trabajo. Igualmente se halla relación fuerte y moderada entre el volumen bitálamico y la ejecución en dominios cognitivos como la velocidad de procesamiento, la memoria de trabajo y la fluidez verbal semántica. Los resultados obtenidos muestran mayor sensibilidad de la memoria de trabajo en este tipo de estudios, y abren la posibilidad a la implantación de nuevos instrumentos de valoración cognitiva en la práctica clínica.

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