La nutrición y el ejercicio como factores a considerar en el Síndrome de Down

María Pilar Hernández Barrera; Eduardo Domínguez-del-Toro

doi:10.14198/DCN.23724

Autores/as

María Pilar Hernández Barrera Universidad Pablo de Olavide, España https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4817-6027
Eduardo Domínguez-del-Toro Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular. Universidad Pablo de Olavide. División de Neurociencias, Sevilla, España https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4927-7743

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14198/DCN.23724

Palabras clave:

Síndrome Down, ejercicio físico, nutrición, estilo de vida, calidad de vida

Resumen

El síndrome de Down (SD) es una de las patologías genéticas más comunes que alteran el cuerpo humano desde un aspecto neuronal hasta un aspecto cardio-metabólico. Es una enfermedad que en resumen produce una alteración de los lípidos, azúcares y proteínas en el organismo, por lo que su afectación es multiorgánica. El diseño de esta revisión se basa en la idea de que la dieta y el estilo de vida, junto con el ejercicio físico, pueden alterar positivamente los efectos de la enfermedad en el cuerpo, por lo que el objetivo de la revisión es buscar si existe una relación entre el estilo de vida saludable y una mejora en la calidad de vida de las personas con SD. Como Método se ha utilizado la revisión bibliográfica de artículos, casos clínicos y estudios científicos originales relacionados con la dieta, el ejercicio y el estilo de vida en individuos afectados por el SD, tomando como criterio de inclusión los que mencionaban nutrición, ejercicio físico y SD, y como principal criterio de exclusión, aquellos artículos que no mencionaban ninguno de estos factores o no los relacionaban entre sí. Esta revisión ha mostrado resultados opuestos, desde estudios que demuestran que no existe el rigor científico suficiente para declarar que el estilo de vida puede influir en el SD, hasta estudios que, en su mayoría, muestran lo contrario, con mejoras en la salud de los participantes, lo que reduce los factores de riesgo que están asociados a disminuir la esperanza de vida de estos individuos.

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