Viviendo con dolor crónico: Un problema de neuroplasticidad.

Dulce Denisse Casillas Jardon

doi:10.14198/DCN.25156

Autores/as

Dulce Denisse Casillas Jardon RED ALEC DE INVESTIGADORES (Red Internacional America Latina, Africa, Europa y Caribe), México https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6010-1864

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14198/DCN.25156

Palabras clave:

dolor, crónico, neuroplasticidad, Ansiedad, Memoria

Resumen

Todos los seres humanos conocemos el dolor, este se presenta como una señal de protección ante estímulos nocivos. Sin embargo, en algunas ocasiones, continua de una manera crónica, más allá de los 3 meses. Aun no tenemos clara la causa de esta cronificación, sin embargo, cualquier falla en el sistema de respuesta puede llevar a una perseverancia del dolor. En un sistema errático cualquier estimulo puede provocar dolor (alodinia) o la sensibilidad a estímulos dolorosos puede ser exagerada (hiperalgesia). Las investigaciones nos han brindado conocimiento de cambios adaptativos y desadaptativos como potenciales activados a largo plazo, aumentos de señalización, apoptosis celulares, cambios en la expresión génica, aumento de sensibilidad en los nociceptores, cicatrización glial, cambios de homeostasis en la microglía y astrocitos. Así como los sitios anatómicos involucrados y modificados por el dolor crónico y comorbilidades como ansiedad o dificultad de aprendizaje, como son el núcleo accumbens, núcleo dorso medial, hipotálamo, núcleo parabraquial, corteza cingulada anterior, corteza somatosensorial primaria, tabique medial, hipocampo y núcleo de la estría terminal. Esta revisión puntualizo en la información más reciente respecto a neuroplasticidad y dolor crónico, con el objetivo de facilitar el enfoque multi y transdisciplinario.

Citas

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