Viviendo con dolor crónico: un problema de neuroplasticidad

Dulce Denisse Casillas Jardon

doi:10.14198/DCN.25156

Autores/as

Dulce Denisse Casillas Jardon Red Internacional America Latina, Africa, Europa y Caribe (ALEC), México https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6010-1864

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14198/DCN.25156

Palabras clave:

neuroplasticidad, Ansiedad, Memoria, dolor crónico

Resumen

Todo ser humano conocerá el dolor en algún momento de su existencia, este se presenta como una señal de protección ante estímulos nocivos. En algunas ocasiones, continua de una manera crónica, más allá de los 3 meses. En un sistema errático cualquier estímulo puede provocar dolor (alodinia) o la sensibilidad a estímulos dolorosos puede ser exagerada (hiperalgesia). Las investigaciones nos han brindado conocimiento de cambios adaptativos y desadaptativos como potenciales activados a largo plazo, aumentos de señalización, apoptosis celulares, cambios en la expresión génica, aumento de sensibilidad en los nociceptores, cicatrización glial, cambios de homeostasis en la microglía y astrocitos. Así como los sitios anatómicos involucrados y modificados por el dolor crónico y comorbilidades, como son el núcleo accumbens, núcleo dorso medial, hipotálamo, núcleo parabraquial, corteza cingulada anterior, corteza somatosensorial primaria, tabique medial, hipocampo y núcleo de la estría terminal. Esta revisión puntualizó en la información más reciente respecto a neuroplasticidad y dolor crónico, con el objetivo de facilitar el enfoque multi y transdisciplinario.

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