Implicaciones sensoriales en la sintomatología de los ataques de pánico: una revisión literatura

Verónica Lizeth Martínez-Álvarez

doi:10.14198/DCN.25841

Autores/as

Verónica Lizeth Martínez-Álvarez Centro de Estudios en Neurociencias y Psicología del Estado de Chiapas S.C., México https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2322-2058

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14198/DCN.25841

Palabras clave:

Interocepción, Pánico, ataque de pánico, Procesamiento sensorial, Perfil sensorial

Resumen

La sintomatología de los ataques de pánico (AP) son respuestas de alarma del sistema nervioso autónomo que suelen aparecer de forma súbita, generando malestar significativo en la vida de quien lo padece. Algunos tratamientos no farmacológicos, además de abordar la distorsión de pensamiento y el catastrofismo, incluyen estrategias de exposición y estimulación sensoriales, principalmente interoceptivas, con el fin de generar habituación a dichas sensaciones, lo cual podría depender del umbral de respuesta del individuo. El objetivo de este trabajo es hacer una revisión rápida de artículos que abordan la relación entre el procesamiento sensorial y los AP en los últimos diez años, obtenidos de cuatro bases de datos. Se encuentran pocos estudios que aborden directamente esta relación, pues muchos trabajos encontrados se han centrado en otras patologías del neurodesarrollo, pero si se resalta el papel de esta variable en los mecanismos subyacentes en otros problemas de salud mental. Los datos encontrados sugieren que si existe evidencia de biomarcadores alterados a nivel sensorial, además de confirmar que los pacientes con AP presentan una alta sensibilidad a la ansiedad, no solo ante estimulación respiratoria, por lo que dicha sensibilidad si puede considerarse como un factor predisponente, al estar correlacionada directamente con la interocepción, lo cual remarca la efectividad de las intervenciones con exposición, sin embargo, falta evidencia para determinar si existe un tipo o clasificación de perfil sensorial específico que determine la aparición de los episodios de AP, lo cual, sería de gran utilidad para futuros trabajos de investigación y validación de herramientas de intervención.

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