Reframing Autism:  A Theoretical Synthesis on Androgen-Mediated Cognitive Phenotypes  and the Adaptive Feedback Model of Repetitive Behaviours

Michele Di Salvo

doi:10.14198/DCN.30763

Autores/as

Michele Di Salvo Crossmedia Labs, Italia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9531-0591

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14198/DCN.30763

Palabras clave:

Condición del Espectro Autista, Testosterona Fetal, Síndrome de Savant, Conductas Restringidas y Repetitivas, Etología, Fenotipo Cognitivo

Resumen

Este artículo presenta una síntesis teórica integral que examina críticamente y replantea dos facetas distintas de la condición del espectro autista (CEA). Primero, deconstruye la amplia teoría del "cerebro masculino extremo" que vincula la testosterona fetal con los rasgos autistas, argumentando en contra de su determinismo reduccionista. Propone un modelo más matizado y restringido en el cual el desarrollo neural influenciado por andrógenos podría predisponer a un subconjunto de individuos hacia un fenotipo cognitivo específico caracterizado por fortalezas en sistematización y habilidades savant en campos STEM (Ciencia, Tecnología, Ingeniería y Matemáticas). En segundo lugar, avanza un novedoso marco etológico, traduciendo los principios de aprendizaje y retroalimentación de Konrad Lorenz para reinterpretar las conductas restringidas y repetitivas (CRR) no como estereotipos patológicos, sino como acciones intencionales y autorreguladoras mantenidas por un bucle de retroalimentación positivo interno. El argumento general defiende una ciencia del autismo centrada en la persona que integra los conocimientos neurobiológicos con una comprensión funcional y fenomenológica de la conducta, enfatizando la profunda heterogeneidad individual y la necesidad crítica de hipótesis que respeten esta diversidad. Este trabajo establece una base teórica estructurada para futuras investigaciones empíricas sobre subtipos cognitivos y las funciones homeostáticas de las CRR.

Citas

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