La desregulación del BDNF y la neuroinflamación prenatal como base etiopatogénica de la conectopatía del autismo: una hipótesis integradora
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14198/DCN.32880Palabras clave:
Autismo, neuroinflamación, conectopatía, BDNF, zinc, activación inmune prenatal, hipótesis integradoraResumen
Este artículo presenta una hipótesis etiopatogénica integradora del trastorno del espectro autista (TEA), proponiendo que la desregulación del factor neurotrófico derivado del cerebro (BDNF) —impulsada por la neuroinflamación prenatal sobre un trasfondo de susceptibilidad genética— subyace a la conectopatía que caracteriza al autismo. En lugar de afirmar una teoría probada, sintetizamos la evidencia de las últimas tres décadas en una revisión narrativa crítica. La hipótesis postula que la activación inmune materna (MIA) induce cascadas inflamatorias, deshomeostasis del zinc y una señalización alterada del BDNF, las cuales en conjunto alteran los patrones de conectividad sináptica. Distinguimos explícitamente entre evidencia establecida, asociaciones observacionales e inferencias especulativas. El manuscrito incluye una estrategia de búsqueda reproducible, un diagrama de flujo PRISMA, una evaluación crítica de los estudios incluidos y una sección dedicada a las limitaciones. Nuestro objetivo es proporcionar un marco coherente para futuros estudios mecanicistas y prospectivos, reconociendo al mismo tiempo la heterogeneidad del autismo y la necesidad de una interpretación cautelosa.
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